Coming Soon!
Expanding upon the previous publication Via pH & Salinity N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Converts ""Amino Acids" to LIVE Major Species Configuration Capable of Consciously Coordinating Dynamic "Reversal" of NAc, mRNA Protein Systems & Pt Nanotubes! and supporting documentation which is consistent with and basically answers the following unknown stated by Lee HK, Takamiya K, Han JS, 2003...
"Abstract
Plasticity of the nervous system is dependent on mechanisms that regulate the strength of synaptic transmission. Excitatory synapses in the brain undergo long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD), cellular models of learning and memory. Protein phosphorylation is required for the induction of many forms of synaptic plasticity, including LTP and LTD. However, the critical kinase substrates that mediate plasticity have not been identified. We previously reported that phosphorylation of the GluR1 subunit of AMPA receptors, which mediate rapid excitatory transmission in the brain, is modulated during LTP and LTD. To test if GluR1 phosphorylation is necessary for plasticity and learning and memory, we generated mice with knockin mutations in the GluR1 phosphorylation sites. The phosphomutant mice show deficits in LTD and LTP and have memory defects in spatial learning tasks. These results demonstrate that phosphorylation of GluR1 is critical for LTD and LTP expression and the retention of memories.
Introduction
Ionotropic glutamate receptors are the major excitatory neurotransmitter receptors in the vertebrate central nervous system and are divided into three functionally distinct subclasses: AMPA (α-amino-3-hydrozy-5-methylisoxazole-4-propionic acid), kainate, and NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptors. AMPA receptors mediate the majority of the fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. Kainate receptors contribute to the postsynaptic responses at some excitatory synapses and can also modulate presynaptic neurotransmitter release. NMDA receptors play an essential role in the modulation of excitatory synaptic transmission due to their permeability to calcium ions and ability to activate downstream calcium-dependent signal transduction processes.
Synaptic plasticity at excitatory synapses is thought to be critical for information processing in the brain and to underlie many complex behaviors such as learning and memory. The best-studied forms of synaptic plasticity in the central nervous system are long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) of excitatory synaptic transmission. The molecular mechanisms of LTP and LTD have been extensively characterized (Malenka and Nicoll, 1999), especially in the hippocampus, an area implicated in spatial memory formation in rodents (Squire, 1992). In the CA1 region of the hippocampus, the induction of LTP and LTD are dependent on NMDA receptor activation and the subsequent increase in intracellular calcium (Malenka and Nicoll, 1999). High-frequency synaptic stimulation leads to the influx of Ca2+ through the NMDA receptor and the activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and the induction of LTP. In contrast, low-frequency synaptic stimulation causes moderate, prolonged increases in calcium levels that activate protein phosphatases and leads to LTD. The key substrates for the kinases and phosphatases that mediate the changes in synaptic transmission during LTP and LTD are unknown." [1].
Perhaps we aught to start by "taking a squiz" at the kianate receptors mentioned in section [0079] of the following US Patent Publication.
Googles number one response to 'kianate" produced the following similar theme to the previous publication given life really got started under the sea in an octapusses garden.
Kainate(1−) (CHEBI:156548) is "a dicarboxylate resulting from deprotonation of both carboxy groups of kainic acid, and protonation of its amine group. Major species at pH 7.3."
kainate(1−) (CHEBI:156548) is conjugate base of kainic acid (CHEBI:31746) and is a
Bronsted acid: A molecular entity capable of donating a hydron to an acceptor (Bronsted base).
(via oxoacid ) &..
Bronsted base: A molecular entity capable of accepting a hydron from a donor (Bronsted acid). (via organic amino compound )
& is an excitatory amino acid agonist: An agent that binds to and activates excitatory amino acid receptors.
Outgoing has roles as an antinematodal drug (CHEBI:35444) & an excitatory amino acid agonist (CHEBI:50103), is a L-proline derivative (CHEBI:84186), a dicarboxylic acid (CHEBI:35692), a non-proteinogenic L-α-amino acid (CHEBI:83822), and a pyrrolidinecarboxylic acid (CHEBI:46767), & is conjugate acid of kainate(1−) (CHEBI:156548)
Looking back at L-Proline, remined me of DMAT1 which lead me to thinking Ferric Ammonium Citrate...
Fits ( and probably knits) somehow (or in various ways) within the center of this... Ferric enterobactin ion
which by linking variations of tryptophan, Serotonin and N,N-Dimethyltryptamine initially as two correctly possitioned variations of virtually the same structure make the centre of the macrocyclic sphere which is capable of reversing all coordinates. Interestingly trying to figure this out combinations of 666 keep coming to mind. At this stage looking at the related substances and other relationships it is seeming to me more like three variations of 666 = Forward, neutral and reverse, and overdrive (as an addditional configuration to the standard R/S). I expect this has something to do with the following groups I'm yet to wrap my head around and is possibly where the concept of "the devils number" comes from. If you look at the previous post one of the nano tube dipictionns actually features several six sided stars like various religions too. Firstly though I cant remember the exact way I go here but it all came to mind whilst trying to locate the ferric and ferris ions so madly chasing one another about whilst trying to aviod each other like they are in love but don't want the world to know so won't let anyone catch them together in the same place at the same time... As both platinum nano tubes, spheres and stars have been proven it is likely that pyramid structures are also possible for the purpose of mRNA splicing which in an active cyclic motion are possibly more likely to resemble a cone shaped nano structure.
at the centre and throughout macrocyclic nanoparticle spheres like this...
Ok. "The 'Devils Number" 666 and "Lucky 7"?
2.2.2 Related CAS
10101-89-0 (dodecahydrate) Lucky 7
ChemIDplus
10039-32-4 (di-hydrochloride salt dodecahydrate)
10101-89-0 (tri-hydrochloride salt dodecahydrate)
65185-91-3 (hydrochloride[2:3] salt)
7558-79-4 (di-hydrochloride salt)
7558-80-7 (mono-hydrochloride salt)
7782-85-6 (di-hydrochloride salt heptahydrate)
ChemIDplus
4.2 Other Relationships
Phosphate Ion (has active moiety)
Magnesium sulfate; potassium chloride; potassium phosphate, monobasic; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
I'll recopy the above minus the links and try numbering and perhaps try colour coding doubles at some point but may put some pretty pictures in to break it up. GREEN marks content covered whilst RED highlights points of great significance & purple PubChemm links!
Starting with what Initially stands out as a potential Lucky 7
10101-89-0 (dodecahydrate)
2.2.2 Related CAS
10101-89-0 (dodecahydrate) Lucky 7
ChemIDplus
10039-32-4 (di-hydrochloride salt dodecahydrate)
10101-89-0 (tri-hydrochloride salt dodecahydrate)
65185-91-3 (hydrochloride[2:3] salt)
7558-79-4 (di-hydrochloride salt)
7558-80-7 (mono-hydrochloride salt)
7782-85-6 (di-hydrochloride salt heptahydrate)
ChemIDplus
Other Relationships
Phosphate Ion (has active moiety)
Magnesium sulfate is a magnesium salt having sulfate as the counterion. It has a role as an anticonvulsant, a cardiovascular drug, a calcium channel blocker, an anaesthetic, a tocolytic agent, an anti-arrhythmia drug, an analgesic and a fertilizer. It is a magnesium salt, a metal sulfate and an organic magnesium salt.
ChEBI
A small colorless crystal used as an anticonvulsant, a cathartic, and an electrolyte replenisher in the treatment of pre-eclampsia and eclampsia. It causes direct inhibition of action potentials in myometrial muscle cells. Excitation and contraction are uncoupled, which decreases the frequency and force of contractions. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1992, p1083)
DrugBank; Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB); Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Magnesium Sulfate is a magnesium salt of sulfuric acid, that can be used to normalize magnesium levels in the body, and to prevent seizures in eclampsia and preeclampsia. Magnesium is a divalent cation essential for a number of biochemical processes involved in nerve signaling, bone mineralization and muscle contractions. About 350 enzymes involved in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, formation of cyclic-AMP (Included as follows due to extreme relevance to previos publication regarding hydrlitic gene splicing) and ATP, cellular signal transduction and protein and nucleic acid synthesis are dependent on magnesium. Magnesium blocks neuromuscular transmission and decreases the amount of acetylcholine liberated at the end plate by the motor nerve impulse, thereby preventing convulsions and seizures. [4].
3',5'-cyclic AMP is a 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide having having adenine as the nucleobase. It has a role as a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is an adenyl ribonucleotide and a 3',5'-cyclic purine nucleotide. It is a conjugate acid of a 3',5'-cyclic AMP(1-).
ChEBI
Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP, cyclic AMP or 3'-5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate) is a molecule that is important in many biological processes; it is derived from adenosine triphosphate (ATP).(Again with this as of extreme relevance).
DrugBank
Cyclic AMP is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB)
Cyclic AMP has been reported in Ziziphus jujuba, Secale cereale, and other organisms with data available.
LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
Cyclic AMP is a second messenger molecule comprised of an adenine ribonucleotide bearing a phosphate group bound to the oxygen molecules at the 3' and 5' positions of the sugar moiety. Cyclic AMP, which is synthesized from ATP by the intracellular enzyme adenylate cyclase, modulates the activity of several hormone-dependent signal transduction pathways.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
3',5'-cyclic AMP is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Yeast Metabolome Database (YMDB)
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) [9]
ATP is an adenosine 5'-phosphate in which the 5'-phosphate is a triphosphate group. It is involved in the transportation of chemical energy during metabolic pathways. It has a role as a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a fundamental metabolite and a cofactor. It is an adenosine 5'-phosphate and a purine ribonucleoside 5'-triphosphate. It is a conjugate acid of an ATP(3-).
ChEBI
Adenosine triphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB)
Adenosine-5'-triphosphate has been reported in Helianthus tuberosus, Arabidopsis thaliana, and other organisms with data available.
LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
Adenosine Triphosphate is an adenine nucleotide comprised of three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety, found in all living cells. Adenosine triphosphate is involved in energy production for metabolic processes and RNA synthesis. In addition, this substance acts as a neurotransmitter. In cancer studies, adenosine triphosphate is synthesized to examine its use to decrease weight loss and improve muscle strength.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is a nucleotide consisting of a purinebase (adenine) attached to the first carbon atom of ribose (a pentose sugar). Three phosphate groups are esterified at the fifth carbon atom of the ribose. ATP is incorporated into nucleic acids by polymerases in the processes of DNA replication and transcription. ATP contributes to cellular energy charge and participates in overall energy balance, maintaining cellular homeostasis. ATP can act as an extracellular signaling molecule via interactions with specific purinergic receptors to mediate a wide variety of processes as diverse as neurotransmission, inflammation, apoptosis, and bone remodelling. Extracellular ATP and its metabolite adenosine have also been shown to exert a variety of effects on nearly every cell type in human skin, and ATP seems to play a direct role in triggering skin inflammatory, regenerative, and fibrotic responses to mechanical injury, an indirect role in melanocyte proliferation and apoptosis, and a complex role in Langerhans cell-directed adaptive immunity. During exercise, intracellular homeostasis depends on the matching of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply and ATP demand. Metabolites play a useful role in communicating the extent of ATP demand to the metabolic supply pathways. Effects as different as proliferation or differentiation, chemotaxis, release of cytokines or lysosomal constituents, and generation of reactive oxygen or nitrogenspecies are elicited upon stimulation of blood cells with extracellular ATP. The increased concentration of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in erythrocytes from patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) has been observed in many studies but the mechanism leading to these abnormalities still is controversial. (A3367, A3368, A3369, A3370, A3371).
A3367: Rutkowski B, Swierczynski J, Slominska E, Szolkiewicz M,Smolenski RT, Marlewski M, Butto B, Rutkowski P: Disturbances of purinenucleotide metabolism in uremia. Semin Nephrol. 2004 Sep;24(5):479-83. PMID:15490415
A3368: Holzer AM, Granstein RD: Role of extracellular adenosinetriphosphate in human skin. J Cutan Med Surg. 2004 Mar-Apr;8(2):90-6.Epub 2004 May 3. PMID:15129319
A3369: Myburgh KH: Can any metabolites partially alleviate fatiguemanifestations at the cross-bridge? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004Jan;36(1):20-7. PMID:14707763
A3370: Gartland A, Buckley KA, Hipskind RA, Bowler WB, Gallagher JA:P2 receptors in bone--modulation of osteoclast formation and activity viaP2X7 activation. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr. 2003;13(2-4):237-42.PMID:14696970
A3371: Di Virgilio F, Chiozzi P, Ferrari D, Falzoni S, Sanz JM, Morelli A,Torboli M, Bolognesi G, Baricordi OR: Nucleotide receptors: an emergingfamily of regulatory molecules in blood cells. Blood. 2001 Feb1;97(3):587-600. PMID:11157473
Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
Adenosine triphosphate is a metabolite found in or produced by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Yeast Metabolome Database (YMDB)
An adenine nucleotide containing three phosphate groups esterified to the sugar moiety. In addition to its crucial roles in metabolism adenosine triphosphate is a neurotransmitter.
[5].
Adenosine 5'-monophosphate is a purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate having adenine as the nucleobase. It has a role as an EC 3.1.3.11 (fructose-bisphosphatase) inhibitor, an EC 3.1.3.1 (alkaline phosphatase) inhibitor, an adenosine A1 receptor agonist, a nutraceutical, a micronutrient, a fundamental metabolite and a cofactor. It is an adenosine 5'-phosphate and a purine ribonucleoside 5'-monophosphate. It is a conjugate base of an adenosine 5'-monophosphate(1+). It is a conjugate acid of an adenosine 5'-monophosphate(2-).
ChEBI
Adenosine phosphate, or adenylic acid, is an adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the sugar moiety in the 2'-, 3'-, or 5'-position. Adenosine phosphate was withdrawn by the FDA since it was considered neither safe nor effective for its intended uses as a vasodilator and an anti-inflammatory.
Potassium chloride
appears as white colorless cubic crystals. Strong saline taste. (NTP, 1992)
National Toxicology Program, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NTP). 1992. National Toxicology Program Chemical Repository Database. Research Triangle Park, North Carolina.
CAMEO Chemicals
Potassium chloride is a metal chloride salt with a K(+) counterion. It has a role as a fertilizer. It is a potassium salt, an inorganic chloride and an inorganic potassium salt.
ChEBI
A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives. The FDA withdrew its approval for the use of all solid oral dosage form drug products containing potassium chloride that supply 100 mg or more of potassium per dosage unit, except for controlled-release dosage forms and those products formulated for preparation of solution prior to ingestion.
DrugBank
Potassium Chloride is a metal halide composed of potassium and chloride. Potassium maintains intracellular tonicity, is required for nerve conduction, cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle contraction, production of energy, the synthesis of nucleic acids, maintenance of blood pressure and normal renal function. This agent has potential antihypertensive effects and when taken as a nutritional supplement may prevent hypokalemia.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
Potassium Chloride Extended-Release is an extended-release (ER) formulation of potassium chloride, the metal halide salt composed of potassium and chloride, that is used for the treatment and prophylaxis of hypokalemia. Upon oral administration, potassium chloride provides potassium. Potassium maintains normal fluid and electrolyte balance, regulates the proper functioning of heart and muscle contractions, supports healthy bone density and blood pressure. It also plays an important role in the transmission of nerve impulses and energy production.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
sylvine is a mineral.
RRUFF Project
Sylvite is a mineral with formula of KCl. The IMA symbol is Syl.
RRUFF Project
A white crystal or crystalline powder used as an electrolyte replenisher, in the treatment of hypokalemia, in buffer solutions, and in fertilizers and explosives.
Toxin and Toxin Target Database (T3DB)
A white crystal or crystalline powder used in BUFFERS; FERTILIZERS; and EXPLOSIVES. It can be used to replenish ELECTROLYTES and restore WATER-ELECTROLYTE BALANCE in treating HYPOKALEMIA.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Crystal Structures
Component
1 x [Cl-] (Chloride ion)
Component
1 x [K+] (Potassium ion)
Tripotassium phosphate is an inorganic potassium salt that is the tripotassium salt of phosphoric acid. It is an inorganic phosphate salt and an inorganic potassium salt. [6]
Monobasic (can't find in PubChem)
sodium dihydrogenphosphate - A nutrient is a food component that an organism uses to survive and grow:
Taurine: An amino sulfonic acid that is the 2-amino derivative of ethanesulfonic acid. It is a naturally occurring amino acid derived from methionine and cysteine metabolism. An abundant component of fish- and meat-based foods, it has been used as an oral supplement in the treatment of disorders such as cystic fibrosis and hypertension.
Taurine (), or 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid, is a non-proteinogenic naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid that is widely distributed in animal tissues. It is a major constituent of bile and can be found in the large intestine, and accounts for up to 0.1% of total human body weight. Taurine is named after Latin taurus (cognate to Ancient Greek ταῦρος, taûros) meaning bull or ox, as it was first isolated from ox bile in 1827 by German scientists Friedrich Tiedemann and Leopold Gmelin. It was discovered in human bile in 1846 by Edmund Ronalds. Although taurine is abundant in human organs with diverse putative roles, it is not an essential human dietary nutrient and is not included among nutrients with a recommended intake level. Taurine is synthesized naturally in human liver from methionine and cysteine. Taurine is commonly sold as a dietary supplement, but there is no good clinical evidence that taurine supplements provide any benefit to human health. Taurine is used as a food additive for cats (who require it as an essential nutrient), dogs, and poultry. Taurine concentrations in land plants are low or undetectable, but up to 1000 nmol/g wet weight have been found in algae.
Dioxygen:Oxygen is a chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactivenonmetal, and a potent oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Oxygen is the most abundant element in Earth's crust, and the third-most abundant element in the universe after hydrogen and helium. At standard temperature and pressure, two oxygen atoms will bind covalently to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the chemical formula O2. Dioxygen gas currently constitutes 20.95% molar fraction of the Earth's atmosphere, though this has changed considerably over long periods of time in Earth's history. Oxygen makes up almost half of the Earth's crust in the form of various oxides such as water, carbon dioxide, iron oxides and silicates. All eukaryoticorganisms, including plants, animals, fungi, algae and most protists, need oxygen for cellular respiration, which extracts chemical energy by the reaction of oxygen with organic molecules derived from food and releases carbon dioxide as a waste product. In aquatic animals, dissolved oxygen in water is absorbed by specialized respiratory organs called gills, through the skin or via the gut; in terrestrial animals such as tetrapods, oxygen in air is actively taken into the body via specialized organs known as lungs, where gas exchange takes place to diffuse oxygen into the blood and carbon dioxide out, and the body's circulatory system then transports the oxygen to other tissues where cellular respiration takes place. However in insects, the most successful and biodiverse terrestrial clade, oxygen is directly conducted to the internal tissues via a deep network of airways. Many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain oxygen atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates and fats, as do the major constituent inorganic compounds of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as a component of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen in Earth's atmosphere is produced by biotic photosynthesis, in which photon energy in sunlight is captured by chlorophyll to split water molecules and then react with carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and oxygen is released as a byproduct. Oxygen is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic activities of autotrophs such as cyanobacterial, chloroplast-bearing algae and plants. A much rarer triatomic allotrope of oxygen, ozone (O3), strongly absorbs the UVB and UVCwavelengths and forms a protective ozone layer at the lower stratosphere, which shields the biosphere from ionizing ultraviolet radiation. However, ozone present at the surface is a corrosive byproduct of smog and thus an air pollutant. Oxygen was isolated by Michael Sendivogius before 1604, but it is commonly believed that the element was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774. Priority is often given for Priestley because his work was published first. Priestley, however, called oxygen "dephlogisticated air", and did not recognize it as a chemical element. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, who first recognized oxygen as a chemical element and correctly characterized the role it plays in combustion. Common industrial uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.
Myo-inositol: An inositol having myo- configuration.
In biochemistry, medicine, and related sciences, inositol generally refers to myo-inositol (formerly meso-inositol), the most important stereoisomerof the chemical compound cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol. Its formula is C6H12O6; the molecule has a ring of six carbon atoms, each with an hydrogen atom and a hydroxyl group (–OH). In myo-inositol, two of the hydroxyls, neither adjacent not opposite, lie above the respective hydrogens relative to the mean plane of the ring. The compound is a carbohydrate, specifically a sugar alcohol (as distinct from aldoses like glucose) with half the sweetness of sucrose (table sugar). It is one of the most ancient components of living beings with multiple functions in eukaryotes, including structural lipids and secondary messengers. A human kidney makes about two grams per day from glucose, but other tissues synthesize it too. The highest concentration is in the brain, where it plays an important role in making other neurotransmitters and some steroid hormones bind to their receptors. In other tissues, it mediates cell signal transduction in response to a variety of hormones, neurotransmitters, and growth factors and participates in osmoregulation. In most mammalian cells the concentrations of myo-inositol are 5 to 500 times greater inside cells than outside them. A 2023 meta-analysis found that inositol is a safe and effective treatment in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). However, there is only evidence of very low quality for its efficacy in increasing fertility for IVF in women with PCOS. The other naturally occurring stereoisomers of cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol are scyllo-, muco-, D-chiro-, L-chiro-, and neo-inositol, although they occur in minimal quantities compared to myo-inositol. The other possible isomers are allo-, epi-, and cis-inositol.
Choline: A choline that is the parent compound of the cholines class, consisting of ethanolamine having three methyl substituents attached to the amino function.
Choline ( KOH-leen) is an essential nutrient for humans and many other animals, which was formerly classified as a B vitamin (vitamin B4). It is a structural part of phospholipids and a methyl donor in metabolic one-carbon chemistry. The compound is related to trimethylglycine in the latter respect. It is a cation with the chemical formula [(CH3)3NCH2CH2OH]+. Choline forms various salts, for example choline chloride and choline bitartrate.
sodium dihydrogenphosphate monohydrate
Monosodium phosphate (MSP), also known as monobasic sodium phosphate and sodium dihydrogen phosphate, is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula NaH2PO4. It is a sodium salt of phosphoric acid. It consists of sodium cations (Na+) and dihydrogen phosphate anions (H2PO−4). One of many sodium phosphates, it is a common industrial chemical. The salt exists in an anhydrous form, as well as monohydrate and dihydrate (NaH2PO4·H2O and NaH2PO4·2H2O respectively).
calcium bis(dihydrogenphosphate)
The term calcium phosphate refers to a family of materials and minerals containing calcium ions (Ca2+) together with inorganic phosphate anions. Some so-called calcium phosphates contain oxide and hydroxide as well. Calcium phosphates are white solids of nutritional value and are found in many living organisms, e.g., bone mineral and tooth enamel. In milk, it exists in a colloidal form in micelles bound to casein protein with magnesium, zinc, and citrate–collectively referred to as colloidal calcium phosphate (CCP). Various calcium phosphate minerals are used in the production of phosphoric acid and fertilizers. Overuse of certain forms of calcium phosphate can lead to nutrient-containing surface runoff and subsequent adverse effects upon receiving waters such as algal blooms and eutrophication (over-enrichment with nutrients and minerals).
ammonium dihydrogen phosphate - The ammonium salt of phosphoric acid (molar ratio 1:1)
potassium dihydrogen phosphate
Monopotassium phosphate (MKP) (also, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KDP, or monobasic potassium phosphate) is the inorganic compound with the formula KH2PO4. Together with dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4.(H2O)x) it is often used as a fertilizer, food additive, and buffering agent. The salt often cocrystallizes with the dipotassium salt as well as with phosphoric acid. Single crystals are paraelectric at room temperature. At temperatures below −150 °C (−238 °F), they become ferroelectric.
Sodium chloride is an inorganic chloride salt having sodium(1+) as the counterion. It has a role as an emetic and a flame retardant. It is an inorganic chloride and an inorganic sodium salt.
ChEBI
Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an ionic compound with the chemical formula NaCl, representing a 1:1 ratio of sodium and chloride ions. Sodium chloride is the primary salt in seawater and in the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms. It is listed on the World Health Organization Model List of Essential Medicines.
DrugBank
Sodium Chloride is a metal halide composed of sodium and chloride with sodium and chloride replacement capabilities. When depleted in the body, sodium must be replaced in order to maintain intracellular osmolarity, nerve conduction, muscle contraction and normal renal function. [7].
Crystal Structures
Component
1 x [Cl-] (Chloride ion)
Component
1 x [Na+] (Sodium ion)
Sodium Phosphate is an inorganic compound used as a laxative, dietary supplement and for electrolyte-replacement purposes. Phosphate, a predominant intracellular anion, plays an important role in energy storage, osteoblastic and osteoclastic activities, regulating serum calcium concentrations, and numerous cellular phosphate-transfer reactions. Sodium phosphate increases fluidity of the intestinal contents by retention of water by osmotic forces, thereby indirectly inducing intestinal smooth muscle constriction. Sodium phosphate is also used in the renal excretion of hydrogen ions while promoting the reabsorption of sodium ions. [8].
4.2 Other Relationships
Phosphate Ion (has active moiety)
Magnesium sulfate; potassium chloride; potassium phosphate, monobasic; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Calcium chloride; dextrose; magnesium chloride; oxiglutatione; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Anhydrous dextrose; calcium chloride; magnesium sulfate, unspecified; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Achillea millefolium flowering top; antimony trisulfide; atropa bella-donna flowering top; citrullus colocynthis fruit pulp; colchicum autumnale bulb; robinia pseudoacacia bark; sodium phosphate; strychnos nux-vomica seed (component of)
... Blank!!!
(component of)
Calcium chloride is a white to off-white solid. Sinks and mixes with water. (USCG, 1999)
U.S. Coast Guard. 1999. Chemical Hazard Response Information System (CHRIS) - Hazardous Chemical Data. Commandant Instruction 16465.12C. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office.
CAMEO Chemicals
Calcium dichloride is a calcium salt, an inorganic chloride and an inorganic calcium salt. It has a role as a fertilizer.
ChEBI
Calcium chloride is an ionic compound of calcium and chlorine. It is highly soluble in water and it is deliquescent. It is a salt that is solid at room temperature, and it behaves as a typical ionic halide. It has several common applications such as brine for refrigeration plants, ice and dust control on roads, and in cement. It can be produced directly from limestone, but large amounts are also produced as a by-product of the Solvay process. Because of its hygroscopic nature, it must be kept in tightly-sealed containers.
Calcium Chloride is a crystalline, white substance, soluble in water, Calcium Chloride is the chloride salt of calcium, a bivalent metallic element with many crucial biological roles. Calcium is a major constituent of the skeleton but plays many roles as an intracellular and plasma ion as well. In medicine, calcium chloride is also used as a 10% solution in injection, for calcium replenishment. (NCI04)
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
A salt used to replenish calcium levels, as an acid-producing diuretic, and as an antidote for magnesium poisoning.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH).[9]
Magnesium dichloride is a magnesium salt comprising of two chlorine atoms bound to a magnesium atom. It is a magnesium salt, an inorganic chloride, a magnesium halide and an inorganic magnesium salt.
ChEBI
Magnesium chloride salts are highly soluble in water and the hydrated form of magnesium chloride can be extracted from brineor sea water.
DrugBank
Magnesium Chloride is magnesium Chloride was used as a laxative. An alkaline earth metal, magnesium is important for many biochemical functions and reactions; for bone and muscle function, protein and fatty acid formation, activation of B vitamins, blood clotting, insulin secretion, and ATP formation. More than 300 enzymes require magnesium for catalytic action. The adult daily requirement is about 300 mg/day. Magnesium is found in many green plants, vegetables, and seeds; chlorophyll is a magnesium-centered porphyrin compound. Magnesium salts are used for magnesium deficiency supplementation. (NCI04)
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
Magnesium chloride. An inorganic compound consisting of one magnesium and two chloride ions. The compound is used in medicine as a source of magnesium ions, which are essential for many cellular activities. It has also been used as a cathartic and in alloys.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Sodium bicarbonate appears as odorless white crystalline powder or lumps. Slightly alkaline (bitter) taste. pH (of freshly prepared 0.1 molar aqueous solution): 8.3 at 77 °F. pH (of saturated solution): 8-9. Non-toxic.
CAMEO Chemicals
Sodium hydrogencarbonate is an organic sodium salt and a one-carbon compound. It has a role as an antacid and a food anticaking agent. It contains a hydrogen-carbonate.
ChEBI
Sodium bicarbonate is a white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.
DrugBank
Sodium Bicarbonate is the monosodium salt of carbonic acid with alkalinizing and electrolyte replacement properties. Upon dissociation, sodium bicarbonate forms sodium and bicarbonateions. Ion formation increases plasma bicarbonate and buffers excess hydrogen ion concentration, resulting in raised blood pH.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
Soda is a beverage consisting of carbonated water and a flavoring.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
A white, crystalline powder that is commonly used as a pH buffering agent, an electrolyte replenisher, systemic alkalizer and in topical cleansing solutions.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
4.2 Other Relationships
Phosphate Ion (has active moiety)
Magnesium sulfate; potassium chloride; potassium phosphate, monobasic; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Calcium chloride; dextrose; magnesium chloride; oxiglutatione; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Anhydrous dextrose; calcium chloride; magnesium sulfate, unspecified; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Achillea millefolium flowering top; antimony trisulfide; atropa bella-donna flowering top; citrullus colocynthis fruit pulp; colchicum autumnale bulb; robinia pseudoacacia bark; sodium phosphate; strychnos nux-vomica seed (component of)
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Dextrose
Glucose is a simple sugar (monosaccharide) generated during phosynthesis involving water, carbon and sunlight in plants. It is produced in humans via hepatic gluconeogenesis and breakdown of polymeric glucose forms (glycogenolysis). It circulates in human circulation as blood glucose and acts as an essential energy source for many organisms through aerobic or anaerobic respiration and fermentation. It is primarily stored as starch in plants and glycogen in animals to be used in various metabolic processes in the cellular level. Its aldohexose stereoisomer, dextrose or D-glucose, is the most commonly occurring isomer of glucose in nature. L-glucose is a synthesized enantiomer that is used as a low-calorie sweetener and laxative. The unspecified form of glucose is commonly supplied as an injection for nutritional supplementation or metabolic disorders where glucose levels are improperly regulated. Glucose is listed on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
DrugBank
Anhydrous Dextrose is the anhydrous form of D-glucose, a natural monosaccharide and carbohydrate. Dextrose serves to replenish lost nutrients and electrolytes. The agent provides metabolic energy and is the primary ingredient in oral rehydration salts (ORS) and is used in intravenous (IV) fluids to provide nutrients to patients under intensive care who are unable to receive them by the oral route. Solutions containing dextrose restore blood glucose levels and provide calories and may aid in minimizing liver glycogen depletion and exerts a protein-sparing action. Dextrose anhydrous also plays a role in the production of proteins and in lipid metabolism.
Oxiglutatione x 2 Hard to tell without seeing in 3D but these Two structures could be the forward and reverse configurations which along side or in combination with the Ferric enterobactin ion (which I'm still open to being made up of tryptophan, Seretonin and DMT) could complete the main structure of the cyclic sphere & having four members could make up Lucky 7
Glutathione disulfide is an organic disulfide and a glutathione derivative. It has a role as an Escherichia coli metabolite and a mouse metabolite. It is a conjugate acid of a glutathione disulfide(2-).
ChEBI
A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.
DrugBank
Glutathione disulfide is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB)
Oxiglutatione has been reported in Drosophila melanogaster, Enterococcus faecalis, and other organisms with data available.
LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
Oxiglutatione is the oxidized disulfide form of glutathione (GSH) with potential protective activity. Glutathione disulfide (GSSG) is reduced by glutathione reductase to GSH. GSSG and GSH together play important roles in numerous redox reactions, such as those involved in the detoxification of harmful substances and free radicals, and in reactions preventing oxidative damage in erythrocytes. Upon ocular administration in irrigation solution, glutathione disulfide may exert a beneficial effect on the intracellular redox state of glutathione, thereby protecting the integrity and
barrier function of the corneal endothelial cells.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
A GLUTATHIONE dimer formed by a disulfide bond between the cysteine sulfhydryl side chains during the course of being oxidized.
Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
NOV-002, the lead compound acts as a chemoprotectant and an immunomodulator, in combination with chemotherapy. NOV-002 is approved and marketed in the Russian Fereration by Pharma BAM under the trade name Glutoxim. It has been administered to over 10,000 patients, demonstrating clinical efficacy and excellent safety data.
DrugBank
Glutathione Disulfide NOV-002 is a stabilized formulation of disodium glutathione disulfide (GSSG; oxidized glutathione) and cisplatin (1000:1) with potential chemoprotective and immunomodulating activities. Mimicking endogenous GSSG, glutathione disulfide NOV-002 acts as a competitive substrate for gamma-
glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT), which may result in the S-glutathionylation of proteins, predominantly actin, a redox stress on endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and ER stress-induced apoptosis; S-glutathionylation may be
stimulated by reactive oxygen species (ROS) liberated by a glutathione disulfide NOV-002-induced increase in GGT activity. Glutathione disulfide NOV-002 may also induce phosphorylation of proteins such as ERK and p38, two kinases that play critical regulatory roles in cell proliferation and apoptosis. The cisplatin component of this agent does not provide an effective therapeutic concentration of cisplatin in vivo.
Looks good for nano tubes etc.
Glutathione is a tripeptide compound consisting of glutamic acidattached via its side chain to the N-terminus of cysteinylglycine. It has a role as a skin lightening agent, a human metabolite, an Escherichia coli metabolite, a mouse metabolite, a geroprotector, an antioxidant and a cofactor. It is a tripeptide, a thiol and a L-cysteine derivative. It is a conjugate acid of a glutathionate(1-).
ChEBI
A tripeptide with many roles in cells. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
DrugBank; Medical Subject Headings (MeSH)
Glutathione is a metabolite found in or produced by Escherichia coli (strain K12, MG1655).
E. coli Metabolome Database (ECMDB)
Glutathione has been reported in Zea mays, Drosophila melanogaster, and other organisms with data available.
LOTUS - the natural products occurrence database
Glutathione is a tripeptide comprised of three amino acids (cysteine, glutamic acid, and glycine) present in most mammalian tissue. Glutathione acts as an antioxidant, a free radical scavenger and a detoxifying agent. Glutathione is also important as a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase, in the uptake of amino acids, and in the synthesis of leukotrienes. As a substrate for glutathione S-transferase, this agent reacts with a number of harmful chemical species, such as halides, epoxides and free radicals, to form harmless inactive products. In erythrocytes, these reactions prevent oxidative damage through the reduction of methemoglobin and peroxides. Glutathione is also involved in the formation and maintenance of disulfide bonds in proteins and in the transport of amino acids across cell membranes.
NCI Thesaurus (NCIt)
Glutathione is a compound synthesized from cysteine, perhaps the most important member of the body's toxic waste disposal team. Like cysteine, glutathione contains the crucial thiol (-SH) group that makes it an effective antioxidant. There are virtually no living organisms on this planet-animal or plant whose cells don't contain some glutathione. Scientists have speculated that glutathione was essential to the very development of life on earth. Glutathione has many roles; in none does it act alone. It is a coenzyme in various enzymatic reactions. The most important of these are redox reactions, in which the thiol grouping on the cysteine portion of cell membranes protects against peroxidation; and conjugation reactions, in which glutathione (especially in the liver) binds with toxic chemicals in order to detoxify them. Glutathione is also important in red and white blood cell formation and throughout the immune system. glutathione's clinical uses include the prevention of oxygen toxicity in hyperbaric oxygen therapy, treatment of lead and other heavy metal poisoning, lowering of the toxicity of chemotherapy and radiation in cancer treatments, and reversal of cataracts. Glutathione participates in leukotriene synthesis and is a cofactor for the enzyme glutathione peroxidase. It is also important as a hydrophilic molecule that is added to lipophilic toxins and waste in the liver during biotransformation before they can become part of the bile. Glutathione is also needed for the detoxification of methylglyoxal, a toxin produced as a by-product of metabolism. This detoxification reaction is carried out by the glyoxalase system. Glyoxalase I (EC 4.4.1.5) catalyzes the conversion of methylglyoxaland reduced glutathione to S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione. Glyoxalase II (EC 3.1.2.6) catalyzes the hydrolysis of S-D-Lactoyl-glutathione to glutathione and D-lactate. GSH is known as a substrate in both conjugation reactions and reduction reactions, catalyzed by glutathione S-transferase enzymes in cytosol, microsomes, and mitochondria. However, it is also capable of participating in non-enzymatic conjugation with some chemicals, as in the case of n-acetyl-p-benzoquinone imine (NAPQI), the reactive cytochrome P450-reactive metabolite formed by acetaminophen, that becomes toxic when GSH is depleted by an overdose (of acetaminophen). Glutathione in this capacity binds to NAPQI as a suicide substrate and in the process detoxifies it, taking the place of cellular protein thiol groups which would otherwise be covalently modified; when all GSH has been spent, NAPQI begins to react with the cellular proteins, killing the cells in the process. The preferred treatment for an overdose of this painkiller is the administration (usually in atomized form) of N-acetylcysteine, which is used by cells to replace spent GSSG and renew the usable GSH pool. It conjugates to drugs to make them more soluble for excretion, is a cofactor for some enzymes, is involved in protein disulfide bond rearrangement and reduces peroxides.
Glutathionate(1-) is a peptide anion obtained by deprotonation of both carboxy groups and protonation of the glutamyl amino group of glutathione; major species at pH 7.3. It has a role as a human metabolite, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae metabolite and a cofactor. It is a conjugate base of a glutathione
4.2 Other Relationships
Phosphate Ion (has active moiety)
Magnesium sulfate; potassium chloride; potassium phosphate, monobasic; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Calcium chloride; dextrose; magnesium chloride; oxiglutatione; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Anhydrous dextrose; calcium chloride; magnesium sulfate, unspecified; potassium chloride; sodium bicarbonate; sodium chloride; sodium phosphate (component of)
Achillea millefolium flowering top; antimony trisulfide; atropa bella-donna flowering top; citrullus colocynthis fruit pulp; colchicum autumnale bulb; robinia pseudoacacia bark; sodium phosphate; strychnos nux-vomica seed (component of)
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My initial search for DMAT1 off the top of my head looking for what I initially fitted with the nature of L&D Proline at the outer edge of a transitional metal nanoparticle coated macrocyslic sphere...
and the only result I got after the link failed was...
"Abstract
Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena are the most important pathogens responsible for brown rot disease of stone and pome fruits. Information on their mating system and sexual behavior is scant. A mating-type-specific PCR-based assay was developed and applied to 155 Monilinia isolates from 10 countries and 10 different host plants. We showed that single isolates carry only one of two opposite idiomorphs at the MAT1 locus consistent with a heterothallic mating system for all three species. MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 mating types were detected in similar proportions in samples of isolates of each species and hence there do not appear to be genetic obstacles to the occurrence of sexual reproduction in their populations. Inter simple sequence repeat markers suggested that asexual reproduction is prevalent, but that sexual recombination occurs in M. fructicola populations in Italy. The genetic architectures of the MAT1 loci of the three pathogens were analyzed. MAT1-1 and MAT1-2 idiomorphs are flanked upstream and downstream by the APN2 and SLA2genes and resemble those of Botrytis cinerea and other heterothallic fungi in the family Sclerotiniaceae. Each idiomorph contains a specific couple of genes, MAT1-1-1 (with alpha-box domain) and MAT1-1-5 in MAT1-1, and MAT1-2-1 (with HMG-box domain) and MAT1-2-10 in MAT1-2. Small gene fragments (dMAT1-1-1 and dMAT1-2-1) from the opposite idiomorph were detected close to their flanking regions. Constitutive expression of the four MAT1 genes during vegetative growth was ascertained by transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq). Antisense transcription of the MAT1-1-1 and MAT1-2-1 genes and intergenic transcribed regions of the MAT1 locus were detected. These results represent new insights into the mating systems of these three economically-important pathogens which could contribute to improve the knowledge on their population biology." [2]
Which I'm yet to read as I was chasing ions
and
Presumably cis,cis-2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate
Possibly cis,cis-2-amino-3-(3-oxoprop-1-enyl)but-2-enedioate which I believe is the only negitive 2 charged variation of sodium ion which I did not know was considered a soft metal that reacts to basical everything [3] and I am currently struggling to comprehend the equal opposite charge assuming there is one.
Another one of these... 4,5,6,7-Tetrabromo-N,N-dimethyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-amine
a splash of Ammonium Phosphate, Dibasic
and some Surcose
Suramin sodium - A drug used to treat or prevent infections caused by protozoal organisms belonging to the suborder Trypanosomatida. Covered in
N,N-Dimethyl-TRYPT-amine (DMT): Nomenclature of [TRYP] = Tryptano (Borer) Suffixed by [T] = Period of Oscillation!?! Written & added in context to the previouus publication Via pH & Salinity N,N-Dimethyltryptamine Converts "Amino Acids" to TRYPT Major Species Configuration Capable of Consciously Coordinating Dynamic "Reversal" of NAc, mRNA Protein Systems & Pt Nanotubes!
references
Lee HK, Takamiya K, Han JS, Man H, Kim CH, Rumbaugh G, Yu S, Ding L, He C, Petralia RS, Wenthold RJ, Gallagher M, Huganir RL. Phosphorylation of the AMPA receptor GluR1 subunit is required for synaptic plasticity and retention of spatial memory. Cell. 2003 Mar 7;112(5):631-43. doi: 10.1016/s0092-8674(03)00122-3. PMID: 12628184. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12628184/
Abate D, De Miccolis Angelini RM, Rotolo C, Pollastro S, Faretra F. Mating System in the Brown Rot Pathogens Monilinia fructicola, M. laxa, and M. fructigena. Phytopathology. 2018 Nov;108(11):1315-1325. doi: 10.1094/PHYTO-03-18-0074-R. Epub 2018 Oct 2. PMID: 29767553. https://apsjournals.apsnet.org/doi/10.1094/PHYTO-03-18-0074-R?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%20%200pubmed
PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5360545, Sodium; [cited 2024 Oct. 20]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium
PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 24083, Magnesium Sulfate; [cited 2024 Oct. 21]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Magnesium-Sulfate
PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 4873, Potassium Chloride; [cited 2024 Oct. 21]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-Chloride
PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 62657, Potassium phosphate; [cited 2024 Oct. 21]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Potassium-phosphate
PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 5234, Sodium Chloride; [cited 2024 Oct. 21]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-Chloride
PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for , Sodium Phosphate; [cited 2024 Oct. 21]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Sodium-Phosphate
PubChem [Internet]. Bethesda (MD): National Library of Medicine (US), National Center for Biotechnology Information; 2004-. PubChem Compound Summary for CID 6076, Adenosine cyclic phosphate; [cited 2024 Oct. 21]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Adenosine-cyclic-phosphate
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